Deployment Guidelines

The deployment of CDMA2000 can and does have different faces presented
to the designer depending on the situation they are trying to solve. If the
design is for a new system, green field the deployment is driven by coverage
and then by capacity. On the other hand if the design is for integrating CDMA2000 into an existing system, like IS-95, then the design is more
focused on capacity and possible inclusion of packet data services.
Because CDMA2000-1X occupies the same bandwidth as IS-95A/B, this
obviously facilitates the introduction of this platform into that type of system.
CDMA2000 can be deployed as a distinct carrier or shared carrier with
IS-95 systems leading to many possibilities that a design engineer can possibly
utilize to achieve the desired design requirement. Some of the design
options for integrating CDMA2000-1x into an existing IS-95 system are
shown in the Table 13-1.
For cellular, the F1 is the primary channel for the hunt, although for
personal communications services (PCS), it is the first channel in the channel
selection sequence provided by the operator. The CDMA2000 channel
assignment scheme shown earlier is revisited in the Table 13-2 for cellular
systems and Table 13-3 for US PCS systems. The asterisk in both Tables
13-2 and 13-3 represents the preferred 3X F1 carrier recommendation at
this time of the design cycle. It is important to factor in the possible inclusion
or exclusion of 3X in the initial system design and of course the relative
location of the particular 1X carriers envisioned for inclusion in a 3X
system.

When introducing CMDA2000 into an existing IS-95 system, there is a
need to upgrade different network elements depending on the radio infrastructure
supplier that is utilized by the operator. The upgrade from IS-95
to CDMA2000 requires new network elements, namely the packet data service
node (PDSN) and Authentication Authorization Accounting (AAA). However,
regardless of which radio vendor chosen or used, all the existing CDMA
Base Transceiver Stations (BTSs) need some type of modification or upgrade.
The specifics for upgrading a base station from any of the 1X platforms to a
3X platform is envisioned to be primarily resident to the radio itself.
With CDMA2000-1X, due to enhancements in modulation schemes, as
well as vocoders, it is anticipated to have a net voice capacity gain of 1.5 in
the reverse link and 2 times in the forward link than that of 8Kb EVRC. Not
only is the 1X platform meant for improvements in overall voice system
capacity but as mentioned many times, the introduction of packet data is
the driving force for CDMA2000 to be deployed in an existing network.
Packet data usage utilizing 1X has many estimations that are attributed
to it. However the average packet data user is expected to use the service
for the following services:
■ E-mail—65 percent
■ Web browsing—30 percent
■ Extension of company network (LAN)—27 percent
■ Address book/calendar functions—27 percent
The expected migration path either for a new CDMA200 system, an
upgrade from IS-95, or one system that chooses to bifurcate their network
is to first deploy CDMA2000-1X and then overlay a 3X system on top of it.
However there are several versions of CDMA2000-1X:
■ CDMA2000-1X
■ CDMA2000-1XEV-DO
■ CDMA2000-1XEV-DV
The 1XEV versions of CDMA2000-1X are currently under development
at this time. CDMA2000-1xEV-DO is a data-only service and is envisioned
to begin deployment in 2002, whereas 1XEV-DV is a data and voice offering
that enables for higher throughput for data services while sharing
resources for voice services and is envisioned for commercial deployment
after 1xEV-DO is commercially available. As of this writing, 1XEV-DO has
recently been an approval standard.
CDMA3X can be overlaid on top of a CDMA2000 1X system; it was specifically
designed in the specification to enable a 3X system to be also overlaid on existing IS-95 systems.To achieve an overlay system, the 3X forward
link breaks up the data into three carriers, each of which is spread
1.2288 Mcps, hence the term MC (multi-carrier). The reverse link in 3X
uses three aggregated 1x carriers which have a combined carrier spread of
3.6864 Mcps.