Standards for Physical Networking Nearby

Standards for Physical Networking Nearby

The term local-area network (LAN) defines a type of network, or a part of a larger network, in which the devices are relatively close together. Everyone might have a different opinion about what's close together, but for the sake of discussion, consider "close" to mean in the same building or in the same small campus of buildings. Like any other network, a LAN includes the computers, hardware, software, and cabling that allow communications to happen.

The TCP/IP network model does not define the details of LAN standards and protocols. The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE) defines standards for LANs, so TCP/IP standards simply say "Use IEEE LAN standards if you want to use a LAN."

For a simple LAN, like the one Wilma set up in Chapter 2, TCP/IP protocols and standards are used, as well as IEEE standards. The IEEE standards for LANs define how the bits are physically transmitted across the LAN. TCP/IP defines the standards and protocols used by the two computers that are connected to the LAN.

The IEEE actually does a lot of work for standards in many different technologies, not just networking. The IEEE works to define most modern LAN standards. The IETF, on the other hand, focuses on any protocol or standard that helps make the entire combined set of networking devices work together. You can think of the IEEE as focusing on particular technology areas, with the IETF looking at a broader set of requirements and using many standards defined by other standards organizations, such as the IEEE.